![]() Ρ = a 3 − ( a 2 ⋅ T ) Ībout four percent of hydrogen gas produced worldwide is created by electrolysis. ![]() The salt content can be determined with a salinometer.ĭensity ρ of brine at various concentrations and temperatures from 200 to 575 ☌ (392 to 1,067 ☏) can be approximated with a linear equation: The thermal conductivity decreases with increasing salinity and increases with increasing temperature. The thermal conductivity of seawater (3.5% dissolved salt by weight) is 0.6 W/mK at 25 ☌ (77 ☏). At 20 ☌ one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3%. Properties Water-NaCl phase diagram Properties of water-NaCl mixtures NaCl, wt%Īt 100 ☌ (212 ☏ 373 K), saturated sodium chloride brine is about 28% salt by weight. At 100 ☌ (212 ☏) (the boiling temperature of pure water), the amount of salt that can be dissolved in one liter of water increases to about 391 grams, a concentration of 28.1% w/w. At 20 ☌ (68 ☏) one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3 percent by weight (% w/w). The saturation level is only nominally dependent on the temperature of the water. Seawater has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. The salt concentration in slightly saline water is 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%) in moderately saline water is 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%) and in highly saline water is 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%). The USGS salinity scale defines three levels of saline water. The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ‰) and parts per million (ppm). On the United States Geological Survey (USGS) salinity scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water, but less salty than brine. Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly sodium chloride).
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